History of Union Square Manhattan: NYC's Hub of History, Culture, and Social Activism in Pictures (1836 - 1924)
Union Square, located in Manhattan, is more than just a public plaza; it is a historical and cultural epicenter of New York City. Established in 1839 and named for the “union” of two major roads, Broadway and Fourth Avenue, this square has witnessed pivotal moments in the city’s and the nation’s history. Its evolution mirrors the growth and change of Manhattan itself, transitioning from a fashionable residential area in the 19th century to a bustling commercial hub.
The square is renowned for its vibrant atmosphere, marked by the Union Square Greenmarket, a bustling farmer’s market operating since 1976. It offers an array of fresh, locally sourced produce and goods, symbolizing the city’s commitment to sustainability and community engagement. Union Square’s park, redesigned in the 1870s by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, the creators of Central Park, is a green haven in the midst of Manhattan’s urban landscape.
Throughout its history, Union Square has been a focal point for social and political activism. It was the site of the first Labor Day parade in 1882, a milestone in the American labor movement. The square has hosted numerous rallies, demonstrations, and gatherings, becoming synonymous with social change and civic engagement.
The area surrounding Union Square is a blend of historic architecture, trendy shops, and renowned restaurants. Notable buildings, such as the Decker Building and the Lincoln Building, add architectural interest and tell the stories of the city’s past. The Union Square Theater District, though less famous than Broadway, has a rich history of entertainment and culture.
Union Square’s significance extends beyond its physical boundaries. It is a symbol of New York City’s dynamic character, reflecting the diverse, ever-changing nature of its populace. Today, the square continues to be a popular meeting place and a cultural hub, attracting artists, activists, shoppers, and tourists alike, all drawn to its unique energy and historical resonance.
Union Square (1839) – Timeline of New York City’s History, USA
1845: Union Square Park
Sarah Fairchild's painting, "Union Park, New York," offers a captivating glimpse into the early history of American landscape design and the role of public parks in 19th-century urban life.
1855: George Washington Monument at Union Square
A group gathered around the newly constructed monument of George Washington in Union Square, dedicated in 1856 the the oldest sculpture in any NYC Park.
1860: Parade on Broadway near Union Square
An aerial photograph shows a large crowd of spectators enjoying a parade on Broadway.
1860: Aerial View of Union Square
A view of 14th Street and 4th Avenue looking northwest over the Washington's Equestrian Statue at Union Square, New York City.
1863: George Washington Statue at Union Square, NYC
Photograph by George Stacy showing the bronze sculpture of George Washington by John Quincy Adams Ward, originally installed at Federal Hall National Memorial.
1868: Light Traffic at Union Square and Broadway
Aerial view of Union Square on an overcast morning. The streets are sparsly dotted with pedestrians and street cars.
1868: Northern View of Union Square and Broadway
A photograph shows a famous intersection of downtown Manhattan, lined with trolleys and a vastly different urban landscape.
1868: Union Square and 4th Avenue During Rush Hour
A northeast view of Union Square and 4th Avenue crowded by trolleys and pedestrians during peak hours.
1868: Aerial View of Union Square and 4th Avenue
Instantaneous Panoramic View of Union Square, flanked on the right side by the famous electric trolley cars that once served as mass transit.
1871: St. Patrick's Day at Union Square
Print shows portion of a St. Patrick's Day parade at Union Square with a float in the center bearing a bust of Daniel O'Connell.
1873: View Over Union Square
Views of Union Square, including the park, equestrian statue of George Washington, and the rustic buildings which once inhabited the neighborhood.
1876: The Centennial 4th of July at Union Square
A drawing which shows a night of celebration in Union Square on July 4th, 1876, exactly 100 years since the nation's founding.
1876: Lincoln Monument at Union Square on Decoration Day
An elevated view of celebrations at Union Square Park on Decoration Day, or as we would currently know it, Memorial Day.
1893: Union Square, Looking NorthEast
Aerial photograph above Union Square filled with people and horses and the Lincoln Statue in the foreground.
1894: The Decker Building, Union Square
Photograph of the Decker Building overlooking Union Square. The structure was completed in 1892 for the Decker Brothers piano company, and designed by John H. Edelmann.
1896: NYC Hansom Cab Driver: Union Square & The Dawn of Urban Transit Evolution
Discover the 1896 photograph capturing NYC's hansom cab driver, a testament to urban transportation's evolution and the city's enduring spirit
1900: Easter Flower Market on Union Square
Photograph of a man selling flowers to customers, framed by large bouquets against the iconic backdrop of the surrounding buildings.
1900: Buying Easter Flowers in Union Square, New York
A woman buys flowers from a vendor in Union Square, surrounded by local children.
1900: Man on Derrick Load at the New Union Square Building
Construction worker perched 5 stories above the ground during the construction of a new building at Union Square.
1901: Rapid Transit Construction Work at Union Square
Rapid transit construction work at Union Square at the intersection of Fourth Avenue and 14th Street, New York City, June 8, 1901
1907: Union Square Fountain
A close-up view of the Union Square Fountain with the Metropolitan Building in the background.
1908: Meeting of the Unemployed at Union Square
Unemployed men and boys meet in Union Square, which as the name implies was a common meeting point for both celebrations and protests.
1908: Catching Goldfish in Union Square
Children trying to catch goldfish in the remaining puddles of Union Square's Fountain.
1910: Messengers at Union Square
Two young messenger boys converse in front of a carriage near Union Square. Most of the messengers worked for telegraph companies or pharmacies.
1913: Union Square from Above on May Day
Photograph shows overhead view of crowds tightly packed into Union Square for May Day.
1913: May Day at Union Square
Photograph of a crowded scene at Union Square for May Day - an ancient festival of spring celebrated by European cultures.
1924: Shoe Shiner in Union Square
Photograph of 11 year old Tony, who shines shoes in Union Square making anywhere from $2 to $4 per day.
